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Stoke Workhouse & The Poor Law

The Church House would have been an important centre of social life in Stoke. Revels would have been held here, and the church officers may well have brewed beer there. There is no record of a 'Church House Inn', but the building would certainly have catered for the various village 'Ales', including the Bridales at weddings. We don't know when it was built, but do know something of its later history. It was  situated across the road from the old village shop, and there was a well more or less in the middle of what we now call the Square. The building itself sat astride what is now the front wall of Stoke House, marked 699 on the 'Lords' Map' of 1787 (700 is what became the Royal Oak in the 19th Century).

TitheMapSquareSmall.avif

Since the reign of Elizabeth I, all parishes had been responsible for the care of the poor and aged. The "Church records of 1703 record the following:

Collected by six months pay and of the old overseers: £135.12.9d

Disbursed to the poor in this year: £120.18.2d

Remains due to the Parish: £14.14.7d"

These responsibilities increased enormously with the general growth of population, with the changes in agriculture and industry, and it was decided that the Church House should be converted to form a Workhouse. The poor would not only be cared for but they would they would contribute themselves by carrying out organised work provided by the parish. This is the entry in the Vestry record:

"On Sunday ye 10th February 1739, ye Churchwardens and overseers of our Parish of Gregory Stoke spake of a Vestry meeting to be on Wednesday ye 13th of the same instant, concerning a workhouse for ye Poor of the same. Then ye Churchwardens, overseers with other inhabitants of ye said Parish whose hands are hereunto subscribed did consent and agree at ye said vestry meeting to have the Parish or Church House thoroughly repaired to or for a workhouse for the use of the poor of our said Parish and to this agreement we have hereunto sett our hands the day of the Vestry meeting above said."

And this is what it might have looked like (looking from the old village shop):

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With the distress and unemployment resulting from the long period of wars with France between 1793 and 1815, parishes were no longer able to deal satisfactorily with the social and financial problems which faced them. About half the parishes of Somerset had built poorhouses where the sick and aged poor could be accommodated, but only a few, for example Taunton, Yeovil, Stoke St Gregory, North Curry, Bruton and Frome, had provided workhouses where poor people could be employed as well as helped. Most parishes gave 'out-door relief' in the form of small payments of money raised by parish rates to help those in need. The North Curry bill jumped from £475 to £1102. It was realised that the parish was too small a unit to be effective and so, by the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, parishes were grouped into Unions. Each Union was centred on a town or large village where a Union workhouse was built. Outdoor relief was administered by the Union under much stricter controls, and tests of need were applied. The new workhouses were efficient and economical to run, but proved to be harsh and even brutal in practice, and were feared and hated by the poor. Charles Dickens describes the terrifying conditions in a Union workhouse in his book 'Oliver Twist', but these were gradually improved during the century. The workhouses became redundant, having lost their original purpose, but some of the old buildings were used for hospitals, including the Taunton one which became Trinity Hospital, seen here on the 1912 OS Map. The workhouse had been built in in 1836.

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Actions of the national government in this field, no doubt supported by local landowners, were not always welcome in the village, as reported in the Bristol Journal, 1834:

The New Poor Law Bill - In the parishes of North Curry and Stoke St Gregory threatening papers have been dropped about in different places. The following is a copy of one of them, from which it appears the overseer has hitherto been more indulgent to the writer than the schoolmaster:- "Jentelmen - You has taken Away All Poor mens Pay and you must take care of your Self Corn Hay and stock this Wenter you will get it ham string"

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